Reddit rom

Hello there! I was here recently to ask for the help of this lovely rom hack community to get some testers to help find bugs, mistakes, issues, etc etc in our new and upcoming Rom hack, Vanta Black 2.0.
Since then, the testers we received were very helpful and thoroughly enjoyed their experience! We have released 3 pretty sizeable updates since then, and are looking for one final wave of testers to help produce 1-3 more updates to lock in the final release form of Vanta Black 2.0.
Incase anyone is interested, Pokemon Vanta Black 2.0 is a drayano style hack, meaning pokemons types, stats, movepools, abilites, trainers teams, difficulty raise (But not too much), and other stuff like that have all been adjusted, while still allowing for a standard pokemon experience. And thats not even everything that has gone through changes!
There isn't much requirement wise for testing, however, if you just join, download the rom, and never type again, you will have your beta tester rank removed, and will be kicked from the server.
Testing wise its mostly going to be reporting back issues that aren't already documented in our needed changes list, along with suggestions of new types for mons, stat buffs, new abilities, move buffs, etc. Along with just letting us know how your playthrough is going!
Our list of changes is sitting at 48 pages long currently, and its assessible along with everything else you'll need in our discord server.
Just start a chat with me on reddit, or ask to become a tester, and ill get you all set up! I look forward to everyone's feedback! Hopefully we can get the rom released soon!
(Ps. an Ultrahard mode is a planned for the rom, a side rom, with the same exact changes as Vanta Black 2.0, just with much much harder trainers and gym leaders, even harder then the currently difficulty increase)
(We have most issues at the helm and understood, but reporting on them again will still be useful, however please feel free to come with suggestions! I may push back against them, but overall coming to a middle ground that provides the best experience we can is key!)

Purtle's Internet Lineup for June 6th, 2023 5:20pm
Pics:

• Sends your Lisia back to 2002. Sorry she's in ruby and sapphire now. Yeah shes on the gameboy advance, sorry https://twitter.com/AbilitySymbol/status/1665380389865820162
  
• Every so often i randomly send the "i know he ate a cheese" image to my dad bc it's his favorite joke https://twitter.com/Rigamo12/status/1665182842421116929
  
• 22 years ago we (well, Japan) had crossplay going on with Dreamcast and PS2 owners on Capcom vs SNK 2 https://twitter.com/SEGAotaku/status/1665724587315789824
  
• I absolutely hate that being technically competent in 2023 means sounding like a Luddite when it comes to the latest digital snake oil. These things are always cool, fascinating tech, but the are also always massively oversold and dishonestly represented, with roughshod ethics. https://twitter.com/mikeBithell/status/1665671313577369601
  
• perfect card sleeves https://twitter.com/UltimaShadowX/status/1665958075809890305
  
• wow 2023 will be so futuristic https://twitter.com/ow/status/1665775757438898176
  
• Anime/Japanese video games will show you the most gorgeous woman you've ever seen and claim they have a terrible trait ruining their love life and the trait in question is being 30 or older. https://twitter.com/UltimaShadowX/status/1666158038716121098
  
• Street Fighter 6 Stuff
  
  • basketball https://twitter.com/MyMyMavka/status/1664826025392390144
  • sick tech https://twitter.com/Le_Brutus/status/1665965976066637824
  • dhalsims a cheater https://twitter.com/OmarCameUp/status/1665639794733375488
  • Be sure to turn on the Input Delay Reduction option in graphics settings, for all consoles + PC. It makes a world of difference. It's turned off by default. https://twitter.com/DreeceDaBeast/status/1665837495999684610
  • My SF6 World Tour character in any cutscene https://twitter.com/TannerOfDaNorth/status/1665854196871057412
  • Combos/setups/tech
  • Momochi DeeJay perfect KO https://clips.twitch.tv/EphemeralAdorableDeerEagleEye-LwmyTYgoGq_oUxpE
  • manon anti e-honda tech https://twitter.com/frionel26/status/1665733503831490565
  • - Buttslam Counters for JP 1/2 https://twitter.com/NoMoreMrIceGuy_/status/1666139765673017345
• Zelda ToTK related stuff
  
  • picklerok https://twitter.com/UltimaShadowX/status/1666179349463089154

Clips:

• Momochi DeeJay perfect KO https://clips.twitch.tv/EphemeralAdorableDeerEagleEye-LwmyTYgoGq_oUxpE
  
• the apple vision reaction comparison https://twitter.com/LiquidHbox/status/1665879184239996930
  
• What happens when you speak Japanese for the first time in Japan https://twitter.com/RealKaoura/status/1663221159830208527
  
• SF6 Dee Jay Combos - desk [2:30] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tNxPx6LXUDM
  
• SF6 Zangief Combos - desk [2:30] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GQTZjWHEtww
  
• My SF6 World Tour character in any cutscene https://twitter.com/TannerOfDaNorth/status/1665854196871057412
  

Videos

• How Flood Tunnels Work - Practical Engineer [13:54] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4G0aTq5oSM
  
• Interview with Larry Summers, Former Secretary of the Treasury The Problem with Jon Stewart [7:51] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tU3rGFyN5uQ
  

Articles/News/Other

• Twitch has changed how branded content works, and it's bad https://help.twitch.tv/s/article/branded-content-policy?language=en_US&tt_content=branded_content_update060623&tt_medium=notification_center
  
  • On-stream logos are limited to 3% of screen size,- Burned-in video Ads are NOT allowed, - Burned-in Display Ads are NOT allowed, - Burned-in Audio Ads are NOT allowed. https://twitter.com/zachbussey/status/1666111039736258561
  • lsf thread on the topic https://old.reddit.com/LivestreamFail/comments/142lmb9/twitch_has_new_branded_content_guidelines/
  • OTK Co-Founder Tips Out announces OTK will be leaving Twitch if the current guidelines change goes through. https://old.reddit.com/LivestreamFail/comments/142n5vk/otk_cofounder_tips_out_announces_otk_will_be/
  • the number of people currently scrambling over whether their business can still exist & what they need to do to make sure it can, geez. Trying to make a living can be weird when the digital landlord you have to rent from can do almost anything it wants https://twitter.com/ultradavid/status/1666120721905627137
  • This is a textbook example of "enshittification", a term coined by doctorow that refers to platforms intentionally making themselves worse for users & sellers/advertisers alike in the search for revenue. Great description of this kind of business imo https://twitter.com/ultradavid/status/1666134792549826561
  • All streamers should be looking to leave Twitch if this goes through continuing to hurt the bottom line of all streamers OTK will go to Youtube Rumble or Kick Streamer Awards will not be possible Any high quality production will be too expensive to make and will not be possible https://twitter.com/REALMizkif/status/1666173559960420352
• Twitch has also updated the Terms of Service. https://twitter.com/zachbussey/status/1666110088220753926
  
• Four classic games are now live for NintendoSwitchOnline members! NES – Mystery Tower, SuperNES – Harvest Moon, GameBoy - Kirby Tilt 'n' Tumble, Blaster Master: Enemy Below [2:06] https://twitter.com/NintendoAmerica/status/1665886852694302723
  
  • yt version https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e80uqBEgxSI&ab_channel=NintendoofAmerica
  • Just like using a Game Boy, you can tilt the Nintendo Switch console or controller to make Kirby roll back and forth, left and right, and jump! Kirby looks like he's having a lot of fun https://twitter.com/Kirby_JP/status/1665917041331818496
  • Wait, "Mystery Tower"...? They renamed "The Tower of Babel" but this does not show up in any of my documentation for Nintendo's lotcheck. [thread] https://twitter.com/LuigiBlood/status/1665888325964554241
  • I confirm it's a hack done at runtime. The base ROM file still has the japanese title screen. This is actually a first.
  • The funny part, the japanese title screen for The Tower of Babel is modified too. I'll put the original and then both hacked title screens. https://twitter.com/LuigiBlood/status/1665922479955607557
• Capcom Showcase is confirmed for Monday, June 12th at 3 PM PT. Approximately 36 minutes long https://twitter.com/Wario64/status/1665887355138609152
  
• It is now being reported that in October a Mar-a-lago employee drained the resort’s pool. The water from the pool just so happened to flood the room where the computer servers which contained the resort's surveillance video logs were. DETAILS: - According to reports by CNN, a witness has been asked by federal prosecutors about the flooded server room. - While there is no public evidence that the flood was intentional, investigators are suspicious. - The actual surveillance video was not reportedly damaged in the flood. - Investigators could be using this incident to decide on whether there was attempted 'obstruction'. https://twitter.com/krassenstein/status/1665816087840321536
  
• Incredible news out of Florida. Florida's gender affirming care ban has been blocked in part. The decision is complex, but this should be enough to allow care to proceed soon. This is the first (of many) wins against gender bans this year. https://twitter.com/ErinInTheMorn/status/1666088074013708296
  

Nintendo Switch Homebrew > RetroArch > Mupen64Plus-Next > Video Driver "Switch" Not Working.
Last week ago, someone on reddit recommended to change my video driver settings from "gl" to "switch" in order to make Nintendo 64 roms run faster and smoother. It actually worked. I could even go back to settings and check to see if video driver "switch" was still enabled. Now today, Mupen64Plus-Next forces video driver to "gl" and I am aware that is its default setting. However, since i was able to witness video driver "switch" being enabled and working perfectly, how can I get Retroarch to use it? When I disable "allow core to automatically change video driver" in order to force Mupen64Plus-Next to use the video driver "switch", I get the error "Failed to load content." Any ideas? It was all good just a week ago.

I posted about my interest in the golden age of digital synth and I have managed to come up with a bit of a definition.
Despite great synths being produced by other manufacturers it was the period of mass production by Yamaha, Roland and Korg. Considering their offerings during this period, you can clearly separate generations by their polyphony (cpu power?), patch storage and PCM wave count/memory.
The first. (Maybe?) Golden Age of Digital Synths are;

D-50, M1, SY77 all with 16 voices, about 100 patches/PCM waves and around 4mb PCM ROM.

Each subsequent generation doubled the gen before in terms of polyphony, patches and PCM data.
My Table. Not a complete list but a list of synths I am interested in as part of my research.

Synth	Year	Synthesis	Poly	Patches	PCM Waves	PCM Memory	PCM Data
Yamaha DX7	1983	6 Op FM	16	32+64	-	-	-
Roland D-50	1987	Linear	16	64/64	100
Korg M1	1988	Ai	16	100/100	100	4mb (2Mword)
Yamaha SY77	1989	RCM/ AWM2/AFM	16 AWM 16 AFM	128/64 16/16	112	4mb (2Mword)	16 bit 48kHz
Korg W.station	1990	AV	32	3x50/35/32	365	2 mb	20bit
Korg 01/W	1991	Ai2	32	2x100/100	255	48 Mbits 6mb (3Mword)
Yamaha SY99	1991	RCM/AWM2/AFM	16	128/64 16/16	267	8mb (4Mword)
Kurzweil K2000	1991	VAST	24	200/100	200	8mb	16 bit 20kHz?
Yamaha TG300	1993	AWM2	32	456/128	195	6mb	16 bit
Korg NS5R	1997	Ai2	64	1049/128 384/128	528+286Drum	12mb

I would love to hear anyone's thoughts, ideas and any omissions.

So I recently just got my pair of anta 2’s from workout.eu and I normally wear a size 10.5 US running shoe and got the Antas in a size 10 since that what was in stock. I’ve heard from other Reddit posts that the toe box was wider compared to the previous anta 1 but my issue is with the narrow midfoot. The plastic portion that holds the sole stabs the inner sides of my feet and was not sure if it’s just because they need to break in or if they are just too small, if so, would rom 2’s be a better option?

1. The Celtic root *budaro- (OIr bodar, MW byddar ‘deaf/numb’) is given by Ranko Matasović in https://www.academia.edu/1489376/Addenda_et_Corrigenda_to_Etymological_Dictionary_of_Proto_Celtic_Brill_Leiden_2009_ . He thinks it could only be compared to Skt. bhadirá- ‘deaf’ if the *u is analogy from *bh(a)udho- (Go. bauþs ‘deaf/dumb/tasteless’). This is going much too far. These words should be compared no matter what the reason for -y- vs. -a- turns out to be, even if -y- in byddar is NEVER explained. Refusing to acknowledge that these words, both IE, are definitely related even if no regular reason to connect them exists is part of the reason I feel linguistics is a long way from being a science.

​
These words, sometimes given as *bhodHro- & *bhauTo-, are too close to be unrelated in the first place. He was probably unaware of Dardic data (*bhōḍa- > A. bhúuro ‘deaf’, Ka. boor, Ni. buṛa, Ti. bow https://nuristan.info/lngFrameL.html ) in which the retroflex ḍ might come from dr with optional loss of r (like G. déndron ‘tree’, Skt. daṇḍá- ‘staff’; *endro- > Ks. ónḍrak ‘egg’, Skt. āṇḍá-m \ aṇḍá- ‘egg / testicle’) or change of dental after RUKI. If *bhōdra- > *bhōḍa- then both Celtic and Indo-Iranian would show alternation au/u in this word. To these I’d add Kt. béṇa ‘numb’ since -ṇ- after a vowel indicates a cluster (old ṇ > ň ( > ř )), maybe *bhöüdra \ *bhöidna (compare r / n in Skt. sū́rya- ‘sun’, Bangani suni; Skt. hárita- ‘pale (yellow/red)’, Kt. zařá, Kv. dzaňá ‘red/orange/brown’; optional au > oi in *g^heu- > B. goi- / gom- ‘sacrifice’; *raudhiṭa- > Skt. lóhita-, *loühiḷa- > A. lohóylo ‘red’, Rom. lolo).
​
If these words come from *bhah2udh- ‘beat’ (OE béatan, OIc bauta ‘hit/bump/poke’, MIr búalaim ‘hit’) as ‘beaten > truncated/blunt/lumpy/dulled’ then a similar environment as in https://www.reddit.com/IndoEuropean/comments/140qn76/pie_kh2aulo_hollow_tubechannel/ would exist, with both groups having alternation au/u (and maybe a in both, Skt. -a- unclear). It is also similar to Arm. bot’ ‘blunt’ and several Low German words like butt ‘blunt/coarse’, bot ‘dull/stupid’ that could be related or from *b(h)ud(h)- ‘bottom’ (from ‘blunt end’), hard to say. The changes of dh / d / t are not isolated, and many PIE roots seem to have multiple C-changes; many roots show variants ending in p/b/bh or t/d/dh with no explanation other than different suffixes offered. I think optional changes played a large part https://www.reddit.com/IndoEuropean/comments/13xzrrpie_etymology_and_regularity/ . Others *mel(t\d\dh)- ‘ask/pray / vow/recite/tell’, dhub(h)- ‘deep’, *bhud(h)- ‘bottom’, *b(h)u- ‘swell’, *b(h)emb(h)- ‘ball / bubble / blister’, *serp\b\bh- ‘slurp’, *seip\b\bh- ‘drip/oil/soap/sift’, *sleip\b\bh- ‘slip/oil’). Even if suffixes might be imagined for the final -C, initial C- often shows the same https://www.reddit.com/IndoEuropean/comments/13x1295/pie_and_armenian_k/
​

1. For other K-, since I say *kWelno- > OIr coll ‘one-eyed’, G. kellás, Skt. kāṇá-, then Dardic evidence like Kv. kâňá ‘one-eyed / blind’, Kh. kànu, Ti. ǝn would show optional k > x > 0 (underlined V = pronounced with tongue retracted, corresponding to Ks. retroflex V’s). *kWelno- or *kWelmo- might also be the source of Iranian *xarma- > Arm. hamr ‘dumb/mute’ (MP xāmōš ‘silent’ has probably been contaminated with the word for ‘ear’). Both k \ x \ h \ 0 would have no regular explanation.

​

1. For Bu. šon \ šōn ‘blind’ as a loan from Sh. *šōn (related to Skt. śroṇá- ‘lame/limping’, like Sh. ṣēw ‘blind’, A. ṣíiṛo, Ni. ṣeṛa < Skt. *śreḍa- ‘slanting/squinting’) I’ve also found Dk. šonmŭmūyo ‘mouse’, probably a compound based on the belief that some vermin have bad eyesight (like S. ṣēw khikílo ‘lizard’, maybe earlier ‘blind snake’). A similar compound *šraun-khura (from Skt. śroṇá- ‘lame/limping’, khoṭa- ‘limping/lame’) > Kh. šankhúr ‘nightblind’ might show dissimilation of r-r and u-u. It would then be more evidence for śroṇá- having Dardic cognates for ‘blind’ and that *au was retained long enough there for this dissimilation to happen, showing it was not Indic, which had *au > ō.

​

1. The Celtic root *dis-smi- ‘something/anything / a small quantity’ is given by Ranko Matasović. He thinks u-i > i-i is possible in *dus-smi- ‘a bad one’, which makes little sense. If MW byddar ‘deaf/numb’ & Skt. bhadirá- ‘deaf need special explanations even to be considered as related, why would u-i > i-i exist here without any particular reason, passed over entirely? An inconsistency in method like this shows that the appearance of scientific acccuracy is all they seek, not real insight. The meanings in OIr dim ‘something/anything’, MW dim ‘thing / any matter / aught’ don’t seem to have to do with ‘bad’, but maybe ‘small’. With the meaning ‘a small quantity’, which is sometimes ‘one or two’ in languages, *dwi-smi- from *sem- ‘1’, *dwo:w ‘2’ makes sense. *dwi- is the form of ’2’ used in compounds, and assimilation of the endings is possible (maybe like Skt. dvaṃ-dvá-m ‘paicouple’).

​
Alb Albanian
Arm Armenian
Aro Aromanian
Asm Assamese
Av Avestan
Bal Baluchi
Be Bengali
Bg Bulgarian
Bu Burushaski
E English
EArm Eastern Armenian
G Greek
Go Gothic
H Hittite
Hi Hindi
Is Ishkashimi
It Italian
K Kassite
Kd Kurdish
Kho Khotanese
Khw Khwarezmian
Ku Kusunda
L Latin
Li Lithuanian
Lt Latvian
M Mitanni
Mh Marathi
MArm Middle Armenian
MW Middle Welsh
NHG New High German
MHG Middle High German
OHG Old High German
OBg Old Bulgarian
OBr Old Breton
OIc Old Icelandic
OIr Old Irish
OE Old English
ON Old Norse
OPr Old Prussian
OP Old Persian
MP Middle Persian
NP (New) Persian (Farsi)
Nw Norwegian
Os Ossetian
Ph Phrygian
Ps Pashto
R Russian
Ru Romanian\Rumanian
Sar Sarikoli
Shu Shughni
Skt Sanskrit
Sog Sogdian
TA Tocharian A
TB Tocharian B
W Welsh
Wx Wakhi
​
Gy Gypsy
Dv Domari \ Do:mva:ri:
Lv Lomavren
Rom Romani
​
Dardic Group
A Atshareetaá \ (older Palola < *Paaloolaá)
B Bangani
Ba bHaṭé-sa zíb \ Bhaṭeri
D Degaanó \ Degano
Dk Domaaki \ Domaá \ D.umaki
Dm Dameli
Gi Gultari
Id Indus Kohistani
Ka Kalam Kohistani \ Kalami \ Gawri \ Bashkarik
Kati
Kh Khowàr
Km Kashmiri
Ks Kalasha
KS Kundal Shahi
Kt ktívi kâtá vari
Kv Kâmvíri
Pl Paaluulaá
Pr Prasun
Ni Nišei-alâ
Np Nepali
Sa Saňu-vīri
Sh Shina
Ti Torwali
Wg Waigali \ Kalas.a-alâ

Background

This is v86.0.0 (v84.0.0, v83.0.0, v82.0.0, v81.0.0, etc...) of our PDQ installers and includes all installers from the previous package with old versions removed.
PDQ is not required.
All packages:

1. ...install silently and don't place desktop shortcuts
   
2. ...disable all auto-update and stat-collection/telemetry "features" possible
   
3. ...work with the free or paid version of PDQ Deploy but do not require it - each package can run standalone (e.g. from a thumb drive) or pushed with SCCM/GPO/etc.
   

Download

Primary:
Download the torrent.
Secondary: Download the self-extracting archive from one of the repos:

Mirror	HTTPS	HTTP	Location	Host
Official	link	link	US-NY	SGC-Hosting
#1	link	link	FR	mxmod

Tertiary:
Plug one of these keys into Resilio Sync (formerly called "BT Sync") to pull down that repository:

- BTRSRPF7Y3VWFRBG64VUDGP7WIIVNTR4Q (Installer Packages, ~2.75 GB) - BMHHALGV7WLNSAPIPYDP5DU3NDNSM5XNC (WSUS Offline updates, ~13.00 GB) 

Make sure the settings for your Sync folder look like this (or this if you're on v1.3.x). Specifically you need to enable DHT.
Quaternary: (source code)
The Github page contains all scripts and wrapper files used in the pack. Check it out if you want to see the code without downloading the full binary pack, or just steal them for your own use. Note that downloading from Github directly won't work - you need either this provided pack or go manually fetch all the binaries yourself in order to just plug them in and start working.

Pack list

Installers:
(Updates in bold. All installers are 64-bit unless otherwise marked)

• 7-Zip v22.01
  
• 7-Zip v22.01 (x86)
  
• Adobe Acrobat Reader DC v23.001.20174
  
• Apple iTunes v12.5.1.21 ! -- REMOVED
  
• CDBurnerXP v4.5.8.7128
  
• FileZilla Client v3.64.0
  
• Gimp v2.10.32 (x86)
  
• Google Chrome Enterprise v114.0.5735.91
  
• Google Chrome Enterprise v114.0.5735.91 (x86)
  
• Google Earth Pro v7.3.4 ! -- REMOVED
  
• Java Development Kit 8 Update 341
  
• Java Development Kit 8 Update 341 (x86)
  
• Java Development Kit 11.0.16
  
• Java Runtime 10.0.2
  
• KTS KypM Telnet/SSH Server v1.19c (x86)
  
• LibreOffice v7.5.1
  
• Microsoft .NET Framework v3.5.1 SP1 (x86)
  
• Microsoft Silverlight v5.1.50918.0
  
• Mozilla Firefox v113.0.2
  
• Mozilla Firefox v113.0.2 (x86)
  
• Mozilla Firefox ESR v102.11.0
  
• Mozilla Firefox ESR v102.11.0 (x86)
  
• Mozilla Thunderbird v102.11.2 (x86) (customized; read notes)
  
• Notepad++ v8.5.3
  
• Pale Moon v32.2.0
  
• Spark v3.0.2 (x86)
  
• TightVNC v2.8.81
  
• TightVNC v2.8.81 (x86)
  
• UltraVNC v1.4.2.0 (x86)
  
• VLC media player v3.0.18
  
• WinSCP v6.1 (x86)
  

Utilities:

• Clean Up ALL Printers (purge all printers from target)
  
• Clean Up Orphaned Printers (remove non-existent printers from the spooler)
  
• Empty All Recycle Bins (force all recycle bins to empty on target)
  
• Enable Remote Desktop
  
• Install PKI Certificates
  
• Reboot (force target reboot in 15 seconds)
  
• Remove Adobe Flash Player (removes all versions)
  
• Remove Java Runtime (removes JRE versions 3-11 using all means necessary)
  
• Remove Microsoft Silverlight (removes all versions of Silverlight)
  
• Temp File Cleanup
  
• USB Device Cleanup. Uninstalls non-present USB hubs, USB storage devices and their storage volumes, Disks, CD-ROM's, Floppies, WPD devices and deletes their registry items. Devices will re-initialize at next connection
  

Instructions

1. Import all .XML files from the \job files directory into PDQ deploy (it should look roughly like this after you've imported them).
   
2. Copy all files from the \repository directory to wherever your repository is.
   
3. All jobs reference PDQ's $(Repository) variable, so make sure it's set in preferences.
   

Package Notes

1. Read the notes in the PDQ interface for each package, they explain what that installer does. Basically, most packages use a .bat file to accomplish multi-step installs with the free version of PDQ. You can edit the batch files to see what they do; most just delete "All Users" desktop shortcuts and things like that. changelog-v##-updated-.txt has version and release history.
   
2. Thunderbird:
   
   • Thunderbird is configured to use a global config file stored on a network share. This allows for settings changes en masse. By default it's set to check for config updates every 120 minutes.
   • You can change the config location, update frequency, OR disable this behavior entirely by editing thunderbird-custom-settings.js.
   • A copy of the config file is in the Thunderbird directory and is called thunderbird-global-settings.js
   • If you don't want any customizations, just edit Thunderbird's .bat file and comment out or delete all the lines mentioning the custom config files.
3. Microsoft Offline Updates - built using the excellent WSUS Offline tool. Please donate to them if you can, their team does excellent work.
   

Integrity

In the folder \integrity verification the file checksums.txt is signed with my PGP key (0x07d1490f82a211a2, pubkey included). You can use this to verify package integrity.
If you find a bug or glitch, PM me or post it here. Advice and comments are welcome and appreciated.

Donations

These packs will always be free and open-source. If you feel like giving away your hard-earned cash to strangers on the internet you may do so here:
Patreon
Bitcoin: 1Bfxpo1WqTGwRXZKrwYZV2zvJ4ggyj9GE1
Monero:
46ZUK4VDLLz3zapDw62UaS71ZfFBjH9uwhc8FeyocPhUHHsuxj5zfvpZpZcZFHWpxoXD99MVt6PnR9QfftXDV8s6CFAnPSo
^{"Do not withhold good from those to whom it is due, when it is in your power to act."}

Hi, I just recently started playing Pokemon Brilliant Diamond and I just got softlocked when receiving the bike.
I saw this post of someone having the same problem (https://www.reddit.com/PokemonBDSPmodding/comments/yvooee/softlocked_without_a_bike/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=web2x&context=3) but no one has replied so far (Except me).
I thought I had found a workaround using PKHex to cheat the bike in, but then it also softlocks when reaching Route 207. Then I saw this post, although it's from Ryujinx, (https://www.reddit.com/Ryujinx/comments/r87y9s/how_do_i_stop_route_207_on_brilliant_diamond_from/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=web2x&context=3) where someone says that it's because a corrupt save, but I tried erasing the save and starting again but it just does the same thing. Someone also says there that PKM BD Update 1.3 fixes it, but I've had it updated all this time, so it doesn't really.
I also had a problem before that I could start playing, but I couldn't load saves, I fixed it by downgrading Yuzu Build to 1446 (https://www.reddit.com/NewYuzuPiracy/comments/13wv1j1/need_help_yuzu_pkm_bd_130_save/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=web2x&context=3). Someone submitted a ticket in github about this problem and they already said that it will be fixed in next mainline update. Maybe the bike softlock it's a Build 1446 problem, I'll try updating when they release the next build and edit this post if it fixes it.
Meanwhile, if someone has a clue of what might be going on please let me know.
Thanks in advance
EDIT: Updated to Build 1458, It fixes the save problem but keeps doing the same thing with the bike and Route 207.
EDIT 2: FIXED, It was actually a mod (This one https://gamebanana.com/mods/361764), don't know how or why but it actually was the cause for both the Bike and the Route 207 Softlock.

June 6
Black Community Mayoral Town Hall
https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/black-community-mayoral-town-hall-tickets-638996163727
The Walrus Talks Digital Skills
https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/the-walrus-talks-digital-skills-tickets-622632690137
LinkedIn Local Toronto Meetup - How to Leverage AI & ChatGPT Trends
https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/linkedin-local-toronto-meetup-how-to-leverage-ai-chatgpt-trends-tickets-628818772877
30 min Bystander Intervention Workplace Mini-Training. Free
https://zoom.us/webinaregisteWN_IVE3Vz2RSu6JSQvI881_dw#/registration
Practice English w/Woodgreen
https://forums.redflagdeals.com/woodgreen-woodgreen-english-conversation-circles-online-via-microsoft-teams-next-one-june-6-2487256/
$70 million Lotto Max draw
https://www.olg.ca/en/home.html
Group bike ride w/TBN
https://tbn.ca/event-5254039
Jays vs Astros @ SkyDome. $1 hot dog night
https://www.mlb.com/bluejays/schedule/2023-06
🎱 Pool and Drinks Social @ Dundas West Shoxs Billiard Lounge 🎱
https://www.meetup.com/torontobilliardsclub/events/293599792/
Mississauga: Outdoor Pick-up Soccer
https://www.meetup.com/toronto-soccer-meetup/events/293600506/
Drake Bingo w/Devine Darlin @ Drake Hotel
https://www.thedrake.ca/thedrakehotel/whatson/
Spiderman: Across the Spiderverse w/Meetup
https://www.meetup.com/made-about-movies/events/293550018/
$9.99 Raiders Of The Lost Ark @ Cineplex. Until June 8
https://www.cineplex.com/movie/raiders-of-the-lost-ark-2019
Metropolis @ Revue Cinema
https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/anime-at-the-revue-metropolis-2001-tickets-617154294107
Film Festival. Until June 11
https://tjff.com/
Get Reel Film Festival. Until June 9
https://stellasplace.ca/get-reel/
Luminato Festival. Until June 18
https://luminatofestival.com/
Toronto Games Week. Until June 7
https://torontogamesweek.com/
$10 Clothing and Shoe Sale @ International Centre. Until June 11
https://www.popupgiant.com/
Canadian Music Week. Until June 10. Various venues
https://cmw.net/
Candlelight Jazz: Nina Simone, Ella Fitzgerald, and the Women of Jazz feat. Joanna MajokoJewish
https://paradiseonbloor.com/calendar
Four band showcase @ Dakota Tavern
https://www.dakotatavern.ca/
Dylan @ Velvet Underground
http://thevelvet.ca/events/
John Showman @ Cameron House
https://www.thecameron.com/shows
Jamison MacKay @ Monarch Tavern
https://www.themonarchtavern.com/calendar
CMW events @ Bovine Sex Club
https://www.bovinesexclub.com/
Free Times Cafe - Weekly Open Mic
https://www.eventbrite.com/e/free-times-cafe-weekly-open-mic-tickets-482201998157
Open Concepts - Performance party @ OBJX
https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/open-concepts-performance-party-tickets-640802135437
Write On! Write Now. Literary open mic @ Bampot
https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/write-on-write-now-tickets-449858818837
Trivia @ Stout Irish
https://www.headscratcherstrivia.com/
Queer Space Trivia Night
https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/queer-space-trivia-night-tickets-629460552457
Tuesday Trivia Nights VICTORY CAFE
https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/tuesday-trivia-nights-victory-cafe-tickets-598674460427
Pub Trivia - Hosted by Quiz Master Paps @ Hemingway's
https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/pub-trivia-hosted-by-quiz-master-paps-tickets-631902526467
General Trivia at Snakes & Lattes Annex (Toronto)
https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/general-trivia-at-snakes-lattes-annex-toronto-tickets-636565603857
Something Something Trivia Night
https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/something-something-trivia-night-tickets-469941195767
Tammy's Trivia Tuesdays
https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/tammys-trivia-tuesdays-tickets-646395736047
Trivia Tuesdays at Radical Road
https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/trivia-tuesdays-at-radical-road-tickets-617240602257
The Rec Room Trivia League - Mississauga
https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/the-rec-room-trivia-league-mississauga-tickets-622690172067
It's Tricky Trivia at Rorschach Brewing Co.
https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/its-tricky-trivia-at-rorschach-brewing-co-tickets-646385354997
Weekly trivia roundup
https://www.reddit.com/toronto/comments/ukk8dm/roundup_of_trivia_nights_in_toronto/
Casino bus to Niagara Falls
https://safewaytours.net/en/casino-tours/
Mirvish lottery for $19 discounted Harry Potter tickets
https://lottery.mirvish.com/
Cirque du Soleil Kooza. Until June 18
https://www.cirquedusoleil.com/kooza
Disney Animation: Immersive Experience Toronto
https://tickets.lighthouseimmersive.com/toronto/?#/
Stranger Things : The Experience
https://strangerthings-experience.com/toronto/
The Office Experience @ Yorkdale Mall
https://theofficeexperience.com/toronto/
Jurassic World The Exhibition @ Square One
https://jurassicworldexhibition.com/mississauga/
Registration continues for JAM sports leagues
https://toronto.jamsports.com/index.php
YMCA free 7-day trial pass
https://trythey.ymcagta.org
GoodLife Fitness free 7-day trial pass
https://try.goodlifefitness.com/raptors?utm_medium=Email&utm_campaign=MSLE-Partnership&utm_source=Partner
Presto card discounts. Various attractions, shows , restaurants
https://www.prestocard.ca/en/about/presto-perks
Free admission to various attractions via TPL Map Pass Program
https://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/museum-arts-passes/
Toronto History Museums free admission
https://www.toronto.ca/explore-enjoy/history-art-culture/museums/
Indoor /outdoor pools
https://www.toronto.ca/explore-enjoy/recreation/swimming/#location=&lat=&lng=
TD Salsa in Toronto Festival Free Dance Lessons in Toronto
https://www.eventbrite.com/e/td-salsa-in-toronto-festival-free-dance-lessons-in-toronto-tickets-615068024017
Slow Flow Yoga for All Black Women
https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/slow-flow-yoga-for-all-black-women-tickets-629179792697
Yoga at ExPlace
https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/yoga-at-explace-tickets-634742380547
Self guided Discovery Tours
https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/streets-parking-transportation/sidewalk-tours-wayfinding/self-guided-tours/discovery-tours/
Seeing the Invisible An Outdoor Augmented Reality Exhibition
https://moca.ca/exhibitions/seeing-the-invisible/
Volunteer w/Bike Brigade
https://www.bikebrigade.ca/
Volunteer w/Nature Stewards to remove invasive plants
https://torontonaturestewards.org/
David Pryde @ Absolute Comedy
https://www.absolutecomedy.ca/toronto
Skyline's The Limit @ Second City
https://www.secondcity.com/shows/toronto/the-second-city-mainstage-87th-revue/?tickets=&date=
Very Important Comedy Show
https://www.eventbrite.com/e/very-important-comedy-show-tickets-412284412777
VERMIN MELVILLE PRESENTS: WIDE VARIETY - A COMEDY SHOW
https://comedybar.ca/shows/vermin-melville-presents
$5 comedy @ Yuk Yuks
https://www.yukyuks.com/toronto
DTF @ Oasis
https://members.oasisaqualounge.com/sessions/new
Show your pride @ M4
http://clubm4.com/event-calenda
50% off wings @ Crown and Dragon. Drink purchase required. After 5PM
https://www.crownanddragon.com/
$23.99 AYCE endless wings @ St Louis. Until July 2
https://www.stlouiswings.com/wingsanity/
$10 unlimited toppings @ Pi . Co
https://forums.redflagdeals.com/pi-co-10-unlimited-topping-craft-pizza-2592458/
Summer drink days @ McDonald's. Until Sept 4
https://forums.redflagdeals.com/mcdonalds-summer-drink-days-may-23-september-4-2617674/
Birthday freebies. Marble Slab, and more
https://forums.redflagdeals.com/birthday-freebies-version-2017-2022-1719925/
__---------------_---------------------------------------------------------
__---------------_---------------------------------------------------------
June 7
North Rosedale: Moore Park and the Brickworks history walk
https://www.meetup.com/the-history-of-parkdale/events/294002808/
Toronto's Historic Jewish Community
https://www.meetup.com/the-history-of-parkdale/events/293982894/
Jays vs Astros @ SkyDome
https://www.mlb.com/bluejays/schedule/2023-06
Aga Khan Museum free admission after 4PM
https://www.agakhanmuseum.org/visit/tickets-hours.html
Gardiner Museum free admission after 4PM
https://www.gardinermuseum.on.ca/visit/
AGO free admission after 6PM
https://ago.ca/visit/free-wednesday-nights
Click Clack Pride. 19+ event @ Bata Shoe Museum
https://batashoemuseum.ca/event/click-clack-pride/
Free ROM Walk: King Street East Newspapers & Newsmakers
https://www.rom.on.ca/en/whats-on/free-walk-king-street-east-newspapers-newsmakers-june-723
Yonge Street architecture tour w/Heritage Toronto. PWYC/donation
https://www.heritagetoronto.org/whats-on/yonge-street-architecture-june-7/
Hairspray. Free outdoor movie @ College Park
https://downtownyonge.com/series/college-park-after-hours/
Humber College - The Portfolio Screening. Free @ Royal Cinema
https://www.eventbrite.com/e/the-portfolio-screening-tickets-633594416957?aff=eand
Group bike ride w/Toronto Cruisers
http://torontocruisers.com/
Mad Caddies @ Lee's Palace
https://www.leespalace.com/events
David Pryde @ Absolute Comedy
https://www.absolutecomedy.ca/toronto
Skyline's The Limit @ Second City
https://www.secondcity.com/shows/toronto/the-second-city-mainstage-87th-revue/?tickets=&date=
Mosquito. Movie screening + comedy commentary @ Comedy Bar
https://comedybar.ca/shows/guts-for-laughs
__---------------_---------------------------------------------------------
June 8
2023 By-Election for Mayor. Voting open
https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/elections/by-election/
Luxury Cosmetics Warehouse Sale @ Markham Fairgrounds
https://tcws-markham-june-2023.splashthat.com/Social
Horse racing @ Woodbine. Free admission and parking
https://woodbine.com/upcoming-races/
Jays vs Astros @ SkyDome
https://www.mlb.com/bluejays/schedule/2023-06
Bingo @ Flash On Church
http://flashonchurch.com/
MOCA After Hours party
https://moca.ca/events/moca-after-hours/
Kreator and Sepultura @ Danforth Music Hall
https://thedanforth.com/
Paramore @ Scotiabank Arena
https://www.scotiabankarena.com/
Live band karaoke @ Wheatsheaf Tavern
https://www.goodenoughlivekaraoke.com/upcoming-shows.html
David Pryde @ Absolute Comedy
https://www.absolutecomedy.ca/toronto
Torio Van Grol @ Backroom Comedy Club
https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/torio-van-grol-backroom-comedy-club-tickets-621985865467
Skyline's The Limit @ Second City
https://www.secondcity.com/shows/toronto/the-second-city-mainstage-87th-revue/?tickets=&date=
__---------------_---------------------------------------------------------
June 9
2023 By-Election for Mayor. Voting open
https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/elections/by-election/
Do West Fest
https://dowestfest.ca/
Toronto Tattoo Show @ MTCC
https://www.torontotattooshow.com/
Luxury Cosmetics Warehouse Sale @ Markham Fairgrounds
https://tcws-markham-june-2023.splashthat.com/Social
Horse racing @ Woodbine. Free admission and parking
https://woodbine.com/upcoming-races/
Jays vs Twins @ SkyDome
https://www.mlb.com/bluejays/schedule/2023-06
Bingo @ Flash On Church
http://flashonchurch.com/
MOCA free admission after 5PM
https://moca.ca/visit/
David Pryde @ Absolute Comedy
https://www.absolutecomedy.ca/toronto
Skyline's The Limit @ Second City
https://www.secondcity.com/shows/toronto/the-second-city-mainstage-87th-revue/?tickets=&date=
__---------------_---------------------------------------------------------
June 10
/Toronto Monthly Meetup: The Artful Dodger near Yonge and Bloor from 7 p.m.
https://www.reddit.com/Torontoevents/comments/141jif9/rtoronto_monthly_meetup_the_artful_dodger_nea
2023 By-Election for Mayor. Voting open
https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/elections/by-election/
$10/$15 unlimited GO Transit
https://www.gotransit.com/en/travelling-with-us/promotions-and-events/weekend-passes-with-go
Bus to Casino Rama
https://www.casinorama.com/vip-coach/
Do West Fest
https://dowestfest.ca/
Luxury Cosmetics Warehouse Sale @ Markham Fairgrounds
https://tcws-markham-june-2023.splashthat.com/Social
Toronto Islands walk w/MeetUp. Dog friendly. Free
https://meetu.ps/e/M9NqK/fM5W/i
Hike+meditation+beach. ParkBus to Kelso
https://activedays.parkbus.ca/meditation-hike
Scarborough RT farewell food tour
https://www.eventbrite.com/o/scarborough-environmental-association-59879713283
Bike Party group bike ride
https://linktr.ee/bikepartytoronto
World Naked Bike Ride
https://www.blogto.com/rada2023/02/world-naked-bike-ride-toronto-returning/
Horse racing @ Woodbine. Free admission and parking
https://woodbine.com/upcoming-races/
Jays vs Twins @ SkyDome
https://www.mlb.com/bluejays/schedule/2023-06
Toronto Rush vs Philadelphia Phoenix @ Varsity Stadium
https://theaudl.com/rush/schedule
Toronto Tattoo Show @ MTCC
https://www.torontotattooshow.com/
Open Tuning music festival. Free
https://opentuningfestival.wordpress.com/
$2.99 The Lego Batman Movie @ Cineplex
https://www.cineplex.com/movie/the-lego-batman-movie-family-favourites
Bingo @ Flash On Church
http://flashonchurch.com/
TSA walking tours
https://torontosocietyofarchitects.ca/tours/
Singles mini party @ Drake Hotel
https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/singles-mini-party-the-drake-hotel-restaurant-tickets-643796842687
David Pryde @ Absolute Comedy
https://www.absolutecomedy.ca/toronto
Skyline's The Limit @ Second City
https://www.secondcity.com/shows/toronto/the-second-city-mainstage-87th-revue/?tickets=&date=
__---------------_---------------------------------------------------------
June 11
2023 By-Election for Mayor. Voting open
https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/elections/by-election/
$10/$15 unlimited GO Transit
https://www.gotransit.com/en/travelling-with-us/promotions-and-events/weekend-passes-with-go
Bus to Casino Rama
https://www.casinorama.com/vip-coach/
Free ROM Walk: Kensington
https://www.rom.on.ca/en/whats-on/free-walk-kensington-june-1123
TSA walking tours
https://torontosocietyofarchitects.ca/tours/
Do West Fest
https://dowestfest.ca/
Toronto Tattoo Show @ MTCC
https://www.torontotattooshow.com/
Luxury Cosmetics Warehouse Sale @ Markham Fairgrounds
https://tcws-markham-june-2023.splashthat.com/Social
Horse racing @ Woodbine. Free admission and parking
https://woodbine.com/upcoming-races/
Jays vs Twins @ SkyDome
https://www.mlb.com/bluejays/schedule/2023-06
Toronto Maple Leafs vs Guelph Royals. Free baseball @ Christie Pits
https://www.mapleleafsbaseball.com/stats#/team-schedule?team_id=238204
Bingo @ Flash On Church
http://flashonchurch.com/
Bata Shoe Museum free admission
https://batashoemuseum.ca/visit-us/
Trivia Sunday Afternoons at 99 Bottles
https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/trivia-sunday-afternoons-at-99-bottles-tickets-558319557827
Free drop-in kickball @ Alexandra Park. Beginners welcome
https://www.facebook.com/TorontoKickball/
$18.88 unlimited evening bowling @ Splitsville
https://splitsville.ca/richmond-hill-bowling/
Karaoke @ Toby's
https://www.instagram.com/jasonrolland/
Karaoke @ Capone's
https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/karaoke-sundays-tickets-640202251167
Karaoke @ The Hashtag
https://www.eventbrite.com/e/karaoke-night-hosted-in-a-friendly-restro-bar-located-at-st-clair-ave-w-tickets-509785882297
David Pryde @ Absolute Comedy
https://www.absolutecomedy.ca/toronto
Skyline's The Limit @ Second City
https://www.secondcity.com/shows/toronto/the-second-city-mainstage-87th-revue/?tickets=&date=
$5 meals @ Tea N Bannock. Free for kids 12 and under
https://forums.redflagdeals.com/tea-n-bannock-toronto-5-sunday-meals-tea-n-bannock-free-kids-12-under-2620632/
50% off wings @ Crown and Dragon. Drink purchase required
https://www.crownanddragon.com/

Nintendo Switch Homebrew > RetroArch > Mupen64Plus-Next > Video Driver "Switch" Not Working.
Last week ago, someone on reddit recommended to change my video driver settings from "gl" to "switch" in order to make Nintendo 64 roms run faster and smoother. It actually worked. I could even go back to settings and check to see if video driver "switch" was still enabled. Now today, Mupen64Plus-Next forces video driver to "gl" and I am aware that is its default setting. However, since i was able to witness video driver "switch" being enabled and working perfectly, how can I get Retroarch to use it? When I disable "allow core to automatically change video driver" in order to force Mupen64Plus-Next to use the video driver "switch", I get the error "Failed to load content." Any ideas? It was all good just a week ago.

Although I unde the frustration when nothing feels challenging anymore, I feel like these people are complaining about something that just makes Genshin what it is. Genshin is for casual players, f2p friendly and relatively low investment. It's for people that haven't played gachas before. It's for people that want to sped 10 minutes doing dailies everyday and maybe play seriously just on the weekend for a couple of hours.
That's Genshin main userbase. Admittedly, maybe not here on Reddit, but there are so many people that only play for the story, or the beautiful open world, or the husbandos and wifus, and it's that userbase that made Genshin the most well known gacha around for two years. If you add too much hard content that userbase is going to feel alienated and overwhelmed, either because they just aren't good enough because they don't play many gachas, or because more and harder content means having to spend more time on it, even if you are able to clear it eventually.
It's like a professional soccer player going to an amateur match and complaining that it's not exciting enough. Maybe it isn't, but it's on that person for having unrealistic expectations and not going to a high profile match instead. There is many gacha games that provide harder endgame content and more stuff to do combatwise. Genshin has been dishing out mini games like events for years, it was clear its focus was on a different genre.
You wouldn't watch a rom-com and then say it's shitty because they aren't having DBZ transformations and fights. You'd watch dragon ball for that.
Edit: I'm not arguing if there should be a change or not. What I really don't understand is players coming to a game that is clearly set up in a certain way and demanding it changes. Rather than picking up one of countless gachas that have a system they like more. Why so focused on Genshin changing?

​

1. Global Reddit rules still apply.
2. Follow reddiquette.
3. Respect fellow Redditors. Remember the human. Be polite when commenting.
4. Discussion reposts are OK for now. As our community grows, newcomers might have missed out older posts.
5. Encourage discussion! Post your gaming experiences, questions, thoughts and other things related to Nintendo.
6. Don't downvote just because you disagree.
7. Any form of scamming is strictly forbidden and will not be tolerated.
8. We do not tolerate any form of Piracy here. Cracked Software, ROMS, R4s, Gateways, Homebrew exploit or printing copyrighted materials are not allowed.

Hello AbruptChaos,
As you can see from the title of this post It’s not related to our normal stuff that you see posted on the sub. For those who don’t know Reddit is making some pretty big changes to their API and how 3rd party apps access their API. For context you can read more about it here. The TDLR of this post is:
· 3rd party apps are going to be very expensive to run. Ad supported tiers are will be prohibited and using Apollo as an example would cost the devs of the app $2 million per month (source). This will ultimately put 3rd party apps in the grave. If you are using a 3rd party app you will no longer be able to use it.
· The NSFW API will be getting shut down so the only way to access NSFW content is through Reddit’s app. This means even if 3rd party apps do foot the bill They only get 40% of the content. This also means that bots and moderation practices that prevent, for example someone that comments on gonewild post rom commenting on teenagers selfie posts will break.
Why this matter to you
Many mods on Reddit use 3rd party apps to moderate because the tools on Reddit’s app are worthless. Contrary to popular belief that we all live in basements, most of us mods have day jobs and a lot of moderation happens during our lunch breaks or downtime in our real lives. We moderate because we care about the community. Forcing moderators to use the official app would probably slow down moderation and force more of the work to happen on the computer. This means your post/commnts will sit in the queue unseen longer. It will also take longer for a response in modmail and harmful toxic users will be more prominent and will remain rampant longer.
In discussions with other mods, these changes will probably cripple most NSFW content on the site. It will be extremely hard to keep child sexual abuse content and non-consensual intimate media off the platform with their mod tools practices crippled by the NSFW change. A lot of work has been put into this including parts of the NSFW community paying enterprise prices or access to private libraries that are meant to detect this kind of media.
Then, on a more basic level those who are using a 3rd party app will be forced to switch to Reddit’s official app to browse content as it will be unaffordable for 3rd party apps to maintain their apps.
The Open Letter & backout
The broader moderator community have been discussing this situation and we have released an open letter here.
Part of this initiative will be a subreddit blackout. We the mod team have discussed and have come into an agreement by joining this protest.
One large factor we need to take into account is you the community. In the end our goal is to make this a healthy community. We don't want this protest to be something where Mods are beating their chests and inconveniencing everyone because we don't like what's happening. We want this to be something that the community cares enough about that we can come together and say something with our actions collectively.
There are far larger communities than ours preparing to join this movement. 500 communities have signed up for this in the last 24 hours. The moderator team wants to join that and hopes that you will join us too. If you have questions please comment and we will respond to them!!

Hello maybemaybemaybe,
As you can see from the title of this post It’s not related to our normal stuff that you see posted on the sub. For those who don’t know Reddit is making some pretty big changes to their API and how 3rd party apps access their API. For context you can read more about it here. The TDLR of this post is:
· 3rd party apps are going to be very expensive to run. Ad supported tiers are will be prohibited and using Apollo as an example would cost the devs of the app $2 million per month (source). This will ultimately put 3rd party apps in the grave. If you are using a 3rd party app you will no longer be able to use it.
· The NSFW API will be getting shut down so the only way to access NSFW content is through Reddit’s app. This means even if 3rd party apps do foot the bill They only get 40% of the content. This also means that bots and moderation practices that prevent, for example someone that comments on gonewild post rom commenting on teenagers selfie posts will break.
Why this matter to you
Many mods on Reddit use 3rd party apps to moderate because the tools on Reddit’s app are worthless. Contrary to popular belief that we all live in basements, most of us mods have day jobs and a lot of moderation happens during our lunch breaks or downtime in our real lives. We moderate because we care about the community. Forcing moderators to use the official app would probably slow down moderation and force more of the work to happen on the computer. This means your post/commnts will sit in the queue unseen longer. It will also take longer for a response in modmail and harmful toxic users will be more prominent and will remain rampant longer.
In discussions with other mods, these changes will probably cripple most NSFW content on the site. It will be extremely hard to keep child sexual abuse content and non-consensual intimate media off the platform with their mod tools practices crippled by the NSFW change. A lot of work has been put into this including parts of the NSFW community paying enterprise prices or access to private libraries that are meant to detect this kind of media.
Then, on a more basic level those who are using a 3rd party app will be forced to switch to Reddit’s official app to browse content as it will be unaffordable for 3rd party apps to maintain their apps.
The Open Letter & backout
The broader moderator community have been discussing this situation and we have released an open letter here.
Part of this initiative will be a subreddit blackout. We the mod team have discussed and have come into an agreement by joining this protest.
One large factor we need to take into account is you the community. In the end our goal is to make this a healthy community. We don't want this protest to be something where Mods are beating their chests and inconveniencing everyone because we don't like what's happening. We want this to be something that the community cares enough about that we can come together and say something with our actions collectively.
There are far larger communities than ours preparing to join this movement. 500 communities have signed up for this in the last 24 hours. The moderator team wants to join that and hopes that you will join us too. If you have questions please comment and we will respond to them!!

Fortunatov’s Law states that in Skt. dentals became retroflex after l, then l disappeared. This fits with Skt. l likely being retroflex, as sometimes preserved in Kh. (Skt. kīlā́la-s \ kīlālá-m ‘sweet drink / biestings? / buttermilk?’, kilāṭa- ‘cheese’, Kh. kiḷàḷ). A list of *lC here https://avzaagzonunaada.wordpress.com/2021/07/02/example-post-3/ . However, this “law” is not regular, since some VlC > VC, others > V:C, others > VCh, others unclear. I’ll add some more showing various outcomes:
​
*bhals-? > bhaṣá-s ‘barking/baying’, bhāṣa- ‘speech’, Li. balsas ‘voice’
​
*g^elt- > jaṭhára- ‘stomach’, Go. in-kilþs ‘pregnant’, OE cild, E. child
​
*kh2ald- \ *kxald-? > *kaldo- > kaḍa- ‘dumb’, Go. halts ‘*broken > lame’
​
*kald-? > khaḍ- ‘divide/break’, khaṇḍ- ‘divide/break/destroy’, khaḍgá-s \ khaŋgá-s ‘sword’, OIr claideb ‘sword’
​
*g^helh3to- > hárita- ‘yellow(ish) / pale (yellow/red) / green(ish)’, Av. zairita- ‘yellow’
*g^hlh3to-m > hāṭaka-m ‘gold’, Go. gulþ, E. gold
​
*melno- > MIr. mell, Gae. meal ‘hill’, Irish meal ‘sphere/lump/knob/knoll/heap’, Skt. máṇḍa- ‘circle/circularound’
​
*meldno-? ‘slow’ > Skt. manda-, Kh. malála ‘late’, Ku. mǝlaŋ ‘slowly’, R. medlennyj
​
*(s)mlhno- > Latvian milna ‘cloth / garment’, Persian *mandō >> G. mandúas ‘woolen cloak’
​
*krt- ‘cut’? > kaṭú- ‘pungent/bitter’ (if not Drav.)
​
*pelhtno- > palitá- ‘aged/old/grey’, G. pelitnós
*pelhdno-? > G. pelidnós, *paldna- > pāṇḍú- ‘white (yellow)’, Sa. palú ‘grey hair’ (if not Drav., see https://www.reddit.com/Dravidiology/comments/13tilb6/pie_pekws_cook_ripen_drav_pa%E1%BA%93nd_ripen_grow_old/ )
​
It seems like an optional change with an intermediate x (since xt > xth or VxC > V:C would be likely, and fit in with PIE h2, also likely = x). This would explain why *g^hlh3to-m > hāṭaka-m could occur with loss of h3 (if h3 was a fricative, a cluster like xxWt > xt or similar would be expected). If the older sound(s) are preserved in Kh., descriptions of ḷ as either retroflex or velarized (L) could be old, with most ḷC > LC, then LC > xC in Vedic Skt. The opt. nature of all this would also help explain apparent als and ah2s = xs merging as āṣ (*wah2pos- > L. vapor, *wah2spo- > Skt. vāṣpá-s ‘steam/vapor’). Again, this is not regular, and also varies by language (*bhah2so-, *bhah2sno- > G. phḗnē \ phínis ‘bearded vulture?’, Skt. bhāsa-, MP bāz ‘hawk/falcon’, Ps. bāṣa).
​
Also, *r sometimes shows the same changes: *karsto- > Rom. karšt / kašt, G. káston ‘wood’, kāṣṭhá-m ‘stick / (piece of) wood/timber’; *per(s)ni- > Skt. pāṇí- ‘hoof/hand’, Kh. póong, Kv. přõ ‘foot of cow/horse’. This seems to fit into my theory that many ex. of r > 0 come from r > R (uvular) https://www.reddit.com/etymology/comments/zkgi2m/latin_pr%C4%93x_request_armenian_a%C5%82ersank_a%C5%82a%C4%8Dank/ . If so, in Skt. both l > L > x and r > R > X might have existed. Most IE do not merge l and r, so intermediate l > L in Indo-Iraian might allow back L and R to merge in most words. This explains why r > 0 is so common in most of the IE ex., with very few l > 0, but the opposite is seen in Skt. (in the same environment, see *splendh- > L. splend-, Li. spindėti ‘shine’; *sprend(h)- > OE sprind ‘agile/lively’, E. sprint, Skt. spandate ‘throb/shake/quivekick’). This seems irregular, as seen by Skt. 0 vs. Dardic r above, and variants in other IE (G. *mrkW-? > márptō ‘seize/grasp’, map- ‘seize’).
​
Indo-Iranian is known for the merger of r & l, but Armenian also shows a lot of changes of PIE r > l and l > r https://www.reddit.com/IndoEuropean/comments/13zombu/ie_merger_of_r_l/ . If this could be shown to be related to R and L also, it would support this theory. Arm. words with both l \ ł exist (gayl\gaył ‘wolf’), and *l > ł seems to occur for no reason in some. This ł might have been pronounced as L then R. The changes of *l > ł / x are supposedly seen in: Arm. pl. sanduł-k` / sandux-k` ‘laddestairs’, acuł / acux ‘soot/coal’, gazał \ gazax ‘ashes/embers’. If h2 = x, the opposite in *swaxdu(r)- > Skt. svādú- ‘sweet’, *xwaxtur > *xwałtür > Arm. k`ałc`r ‘sweet’. If there was also h2 = x > X > R in *n-bhah2sk^e- > *nbha(r)sk^e- > TB mrausk-, a complete series of optional changes linking these sounds in both directions would exist.
​
This stage with R > X also has the benefit of explaining words with Cr and rC with the same change. See:
*deruno- > *derno- > *denro- > G. déndron ‘tree’, Skt. daṇḍá- ‘staff’
*enro- ‘inner’ > *endro- > Ks. ónḍrak ‘egg’, Skt. āṇḍá-m \ aṇḍá- ‘egg / testicle’, *jendro > OCS je,dro, R. jadró ‘kernel/core’
*bhal- ‘swell’ > OHG ballo, ON böllr ‘ball / testicle’, W. balleg ‘bag/sack’, Skt. bhāṇḍa-m ‘pot’
​
If Ph. bámbalon \ bábalon ‘genitals’ is related to the above, *bhalVmbo- > *bhalmbo- > *bhalndo- > bhāṇḍa-m might be possible, showing another change for -lmb-.
​
Alb Albanian
Arm Armenian
Aro Aromanian
Asm Assamese
Av Avestan
Bal Baluchi
Be Bengali
Bg Bulgarian
Bu Burushaski
E English
EArm Eastern Armenian
G Greek
Go Gothic
H Hittite
Hi Hindi
Is Ishkashimi
It Italian
K Kassite
Kd Kurdish
Kho Khotanese
Khw Khwarezmian
Ku Kusunda
L Latin
Li Lithuanian
Lt Latvian
M Mitanni
Mh Marathi
MArm Middle Armenian
MW Middle Welsh
NHG New High German
MHG Middle High German
OHG Old High German
OBg Old Bulgarian
OBr Old Breton
OIc Old Icelandic
OIr Old Irish
OE Old English
ON Old Norse
OPr Old Prussian
OP Old Persian
MP Middle Persian
NP (New) Persian (Farsi)
Nw Norwegian
Os Ossetian
Ph Phrygian
Ps Pashto
R Russian
Ru Romanian\Rumanian
Sar Sarikoli
Shu Shughni
Skt Sanskrit
Sog Sogdian
TA Tocharian A
TB Tocharian B
W Welsh
Wx Wakhi
​
Gy Gypsy
Dv Domari \ Do:mva:ri:
Lv Lomavren
Rom Romani
​
Dardic Group
A Atshareetaá \ (older Palola < *Paaloolaá)
B Bangani
Ba bHaṭé-sa zíb \ Bhaṭeri
D Degaanó \ Degano
Dk Domaaki \ Domaá \ D.umaki
Dm Dameli
Gi Gultari
Id Indus Kohistani
Ka Kalam Kohistani \ Kalami \ Gawri \ Bashkarik
Kati
Kh Khowàr
Km Kashmiri
Ks Kalasha
KS Kundal Shahi
Kt ktívi kâtá vari
Kv Kâmvíri
Pl Paaluulaá
Pr Prasun
Ni Nišei-alâ
Np Nepali
Sa Saňu-vīri
Sh Shina
Ti Torwali
Wg Waigali \ Kalas.a-alâ

Hey there! I'm Jay, and I'm a 24 year old guy from the UK. I'm seeking to explore a pretty cliché SoL scenario, dripping in the sort of heart-wrenching, gut-punching, emotional romance that is usually reserved for Rom-Com's and Hallmark movies.
Ideally, I would like to create a long-term journey into two, long-time, childhood friends who, after years of supression and guarding of their feelings, get lost in to a whirlwind romance. It doesn't have to be plain sailing either, i'm happy to have the characters resist this at first, or to have other partners, or life commitments getting in the way, though ultimately; find their way back to one another.
So, if that sounds like something you'd be interested in, either reply here or give me a message! I'm available every evening and weekends, and would love to hear from you!
As for the pesky logistics:

• Either 1st or 3rd, I will write either, though lean 3rd.
  
• No Minors
  
• Length of replies isn't something I'm overly bothered about, I just ask that you put in effort.
  
• I roleplay over Discord, or Reddit Chat, but prefer Discord.
  

(Not replacing anyone, just got a bit more free time.)

Hey there! I'm Jay, and I'm a 24 year old guy from the UK. I'm seeking to explore a pretty cliché SoL scenario, dripping in the sort of heart-wrenching, gut-punching, emotional romance that is usually reserved for Rom-Com's and Hallmark movies.
Ideally, I would like to create a long-term journey into two, long-time, childhood friends who, after years of supression and guarding of their feelings, get lost in to a whirlwind romance. It doesn't have to be plain sailing either, i'm happy to have the characters resist this at first, or to have other partners, or life commitments getting in the way, though ultimately; find their way back to one another.
So, if that sounds like something you'd be interested in, either reply here or give me a message! I'm available every evening and weekends, and would love to hear from you!
As for the pesky logistics:

• Either 1st or 3rd, I will write either, though lean 3rd.
  
• No Minors
  
• Length of replies isn't something I'm overly bothered about, I just ask that you put in effort.
  
• I roleplay over Discord, or Reddit Chat, but prefer Discord.
  

(Not replacing anyone, just got a bit more free time.)

In https://www.academia.edu/43672877/Burushaski_and_Vedic Michael Witzel connects some IE words with Burushaski. I do not think all the words fit his ideas, considering some changes that seem to exist in loans https://www.reddit.com/IndoEuropean/comments/13g1l2g/burushaski_and_indoeuropean_dardic_loans/ . Since these still might show important Burushaski changes, even if loans, I’ve included some notes on them.
​
Skt. kāṇá- ‘one-eyed’, Bu. šon \ šōn ‘blind’. Since other IE words for ‘one-eyed’ begin with kel- or kol- and -aln- > -āṇ- is likely regular in Skt., I feel this fits Indo-European *kWelno- best https://www.reddit.com/IndoEuropean/comments/13xvzvu/indoeuropean_kwelno_oneeyed/ . Witzel sees this as evidence of substrate k \ š but a loan from Sh. *šōn would fit the evidence, too. In Sh. ṣēw ‘blind’, A. ṣíiṛo, Ni. ṣeṛa < Skt. *śreḍa- ‘slanting/squinting’ (from https://nuristan.info/lngFrameL.html śri- ‘lean’, compare Gaelic claon ‘sloping/slanting / squint’) it seems an original ‘bent’ > ‘bent-legged/limping/lame’ has changed to include ‘squinting’ and ‘blind’ (see OIr cáech ‘squinting’, L. caecus ‘blind’). The shift of words for disfigurements can create a wide range of meaning (consider the many changes in Greek blaisós ‘bent/distorted / splay-footed / bandy-legged / twisted/crooked’ >> Latin blaesus ‘lisping’ https://www.reddit.com/etymology/comments/vyr3qc/unable_to_smell/ ), so a word with these changes would be no different, and there actually seem to be two examples. If you compare śroṇá- ‘lame/limping’ to its likely cognate Proto-Sh. *šṛōn (like *k^louni-s > Av. sraōni- ‘hip / buttock’, Kh. šròn ‘hip’), if both ṣēw & *šṛōn came to mean ‘blind’ from ‘limping’ then a loan at this stage into Bu. would show *šṛōn > šon \ šōn. Many loans preserve words lost in the donor, but its likely homonym *šṛōn ‘hip / buttock’ might have helped cause this word to disappear in favor of ṣēw.
​
This has a bearing on the timing of some Indo-Iranian changes. If r was retroflex, s becoming retro. after r would be explained; this fits *šṛ- > š- in Bu. and ṣ- in Sh. The existence of Richard Strand’s Skt. *śreḍa- ‘slanting/squinting’ only works if ALL dental > retroflex after RUKI, but later in Vedic Skt. stops and n returned to dental when not following retroflex. This could help find the source of words like cīḍā- ‘turpentine pine’, if the retro. C is not old. I don’t know Strand’s exact thoughts, but he was probably inspired by śreṭī- \ śreḍī- \ śreḍhī- \ śeḍī- ‘numerical notation / progression of figures’ from the same root.
​
For Bu. kilāy, Skt. kīlā́la-s \ kīlālá-m ‘sweet drink / biestings? / buttermilk?’, kilāṭa- ‘cheese’, Kh. kiḷàḷ, Kv. kilâř, maybe also kiltín ‘pre-cheese formed by squeezing together lumps in curdled milk’ a source *kīḷaḷt might fit all data. Skt. l, like r, was likely retroflex, as preserved here in Kh. (see https://www.reddit.com/Dravidiology/comments/13wtfko/retroflex_cs_in_skt_dravidian/ ). Bu. seems to show *-rt > -y. in phoy. ‘scar’, puṣtúr ‘scarred (from variola)’, pharéṭ ‘scapockmark’; if this is because r was retroflex there, too, then a retro. l causing the same *-lt > *-y. would make sense. This would also allow Skt. kīlā́la- & kilāṭa- to come from one word, with *kīḷaḷta- undergoing dissimilation to kilāṭa- or metathesis to *kīḷatḷa- to kīlā́la-. Although there are no other examples of Vtḷ > VVḷ in Skt., it seems needed to explain the alternation here and fits other Cl > l ( https://www.reddit.com/IndoEuropean/comments/13ucgz7/pie_nighro_wegwh_skt_ghl/ ). It also would allow a regular explanation of kulaṭā- ‘unfaithful wife / adulterous woman’ close to that proposed by Alexis Manaster Ramer in https://www.academia.edu/45174752 (kúla-m ‘family’ + ṛti- ‘enemy’ > kulaṭā- ‘homewrecker’). If I am correct in my analysis in https://www.reddit.com/Pashtun/comments/128y1hh/pashto_k_entries_by_georg_morgenstierne/ then this could be related to G. kurtía (since kuṭuŋgaka- ‘hut/cottage’ shows retro.) with dissim. and r-r > r-l in:
​
*kurta-rti-ā
*kurtartā
*kurtaltā
*kurṭalṭā
*kurṭaṭā
*kurlaṭā
*kulaṭā
​
As to the origin of *kīḷaḷt, since Bu. díltar ‘buttermilk’ also shows -lt-, i-a, and could be dissim. from *díltal (just like Kv. kilâř vs. Kh. kiḷàḷ), both could be from *g^īlalt (with optional g^ > d^ or g > k (like Bu. ku(h)á \ γuá ‘new moon’ > Skt. Kuhū́- according to Witzel), also in G. glágos vs. Cretan klágos). Since this optional change seems exactly parallel to IE (Alb. dhallë ‘sour milk / buttermilk’, Arm. kat’n, kałti from PIE *g^h2lag^t-? ‘milk’), which might come from a cluster like g^γ- it’s hard to avoid connecting them. With Arm. kat’n, gen. kat’in, probably from *kałsthin- (later kzti ‘kind of dairy product’ might show Rs > z, metathesis in dia. *kałths- > Agulis kaxc’), the similarity to Kv. kiltín ‘pre-cheese etc.’ is not likely a coincidence. A form like *g^γlag^tīn- > *kxlastin- > *kałsthin- and *g^γlag^tīn- > *g^γlag^tīl > *g^γīlalg^t- > *kīḷaḷt might fit all data. Other Dardic words are very similar to Arm. ( https://www.reddit.com/etymology/comments/vulpfj/ancient_armenian_loanwords_in_india/ ), so either there was contact long in the past or Bu. is an IE language related to Arm. (as indicated by the similar words in https://www.reddit.com/IndoEuropean/comments/13g1l2g/burushaski_and_indoeuropean_dardic_loans/ ). It is hard to know more when few linguists have attempted to place Bu. in any context.
​
Alb Albanian
Arm Armenian
Aro Aromanian
Asm Assamese
Av Avestan
Bal Baluchi
Be Bengali
Bg Bulgarian
Bu Burushaski
E English
EArm Eastern Armenian
G Greek
Go Gothic
H Hittite
Hi Hindi
Is Ishkashimi
It Italian
K Kassite
Kd Kurdish
Kho Khotanese
Khw Khwarezmian
Ku Kusunda
L Latin
Li Lithuanian
Lt Latvian
M Mitanni
Mh Marathi
MArm Middle Armenian
MW Middle Welsh
NHG New High German
MHG Middle High German
OHG Old High German
OBg Old Bulgarian
OBr Old Breton
OIc Old Icelandic
OIr Old Irish
OE Old English
ON Old Norse
OPr Old Prussian
OP Old Persian
MP Middle Persian
NP (New) Persian (Farsi)
Nw Norwegian
Os Ossetian
Ph Phrygian
Ps Pashto
R Russian
Ru Romanian\Rumanian
Sar Sarikoli
Shu Shughni
Skt Sanskrit
Sog Sogdian
TA Tocharian A
TB Tocharian B
W Welsh
Wx Wakhi
​
Gy Gypsy
Dv Domari \ Do:mva:ri:
Lv Lomavren
Rom Romani
​
Dardic Group
A Atshareetaá \ (older Palola < *Paaloolaá)
B Bangani
Ba bHaṭé-sa zíb \ Bhaṭeri
D Degaanó \ Degano
Dk Domaaki \ Domaá \ D.umaki
Dm Dameli
Gi Gultari
Id Indus Kohistani
Ka Kalam Kohistani \ Kalami \ Gawri \ Bashkarik
Kati
Kh Khowàr
Km Kashmiri
Ks Kalasha
KS Kundal Shahi
Kt ktívi kâtá vari
Kv Kâmvíri
Pl Paaluulaá
Pr Prasun
Ni Nišei-alâ
Np Nepali
Sa Saňu-vīri
Sh Shina
Ti Torwali
Wg Waigali \ Kalas.a-alâ

(Pun intended)
*** Effort Post ***
Whenever the topic of socialism or welfare comes up in Christian circles, the notion of Christian voluntarism is quick to follow. What is this Christian voluntarism? It is the idea that national welfare should be based on voluntary charity by the church, not the state. This idea seems to have influence in George Bush’s Compassionate Conservatism, and also to a lesser degree in David Cameron’s Big Society.
Two defenses of the concept are in “The Tragedy of American Compassion” by Marvin Olasky, and “Christian Charity vs Government Welfare” by Thomas Johnson[1]. In truth, elements of the idea itself has subtlety become accepted by a very many Christians, and is present in general Christian apologetics on economics (see bibliography). It must be noted that the proponents of the idea rarely embrace the term Christian Voluntarism[2], which seems to be rather a function of how generally accepted and non-sequitur the idea seems to be.
The theology behind Christian Voluntarism
Sadly, many of the texts linked do not have a strong theological basis; they are largely historical defenses for the idea (See Olasky 2008 and Johnson 1970). Thus, a strongman of their theology must rely on those aforementioned Christian apologetic sources rather substantially (see bibliography). Also, thanks to u/Laojac who provided a strongman here.
Christian voluntarism is fundamentally reliant on the charity practiced by the early Christian Church. We know that people in the church shared their property with each other and cared for each other; Acts 2:44-45, Acts 4:32-37. We know they were commanded to care for their families, alongside the poor, and that there were fundraising efforts to send money over to people in need in the church (1 Tim 5:3,8, Galatians 2:10, Hebrews 13:2-3, 2 Corinthians 8-9). Christian Voluntarism takes this model for charity and attempts to nationalize it is a welfare system, for charity. It uses a few methods to support this.
First, it argues that bible tells us that giving should be voluntary. 2 Corinthians 8-9, and especially 2 Corinthians 9:7, exhort voluntary charity, not done under compulsion. Ergo, the state should not require taxation to fund welfare. Whilst the online tracts do not go much further than this, there is an interesting way that this can be extrapolated further. The particular significance of this verse, interestingly enough, is it is one of the key verses to refute the requirement of tithing. Tithing existed under the wholistic economic system of the old testament that did have many rather radical economic policies; the sabbatical year and the year of jubilee, etc. So to call in this verse against the requirement of taxation does provide a rather big challenge; this new idea of caring in the new testament is not a system of governance, like in the old testament, with taxes and regulations. It is a system guided by the holy spirit, whereby people voluntarily care for those around them. The requirement for people to care for families in 1 timothy 5 would definitely fall into this.
Second, it fundamentally ties welfare to work. To quote 2 Thessalonians 3:10 - “those who do not work shall not eat”. This can be taken in the more obvious sense of “there is no such thing as a free lunch” – people need to work to provide for a living, but for the Christian voluntarists, it is taken as a command of a mutual obligation – those who do not try to work shall not get welfare. (Olasky 2008, p 9-10). Unsurprisingly, this is where ideas of “deserving” and “undeserving poor” come from worthy (Olasky 2008, p 11-12). This also forms what welfare should look like – Welfare has a purpose to help people make a living for themselves (Olasky 2008, p 25, 29). But specifically, in practice it also means that those who don’t want to work should be excluded from welfare (Olasky 2008, p 12, 29, 228). Christian voluntarist tracts argue further that welfare itself is corrupting in that it enables backwardness and degeneracy to exist, encouraging laziness and the breakdown of families (for example, Olasky 2008, p xi -xvii, 222).
Third, supporting this is the argument that Biblical notions of property are explicitly in favor of Liberal private property. This is the belief that the owner of property, can do whatever they want with their property. This starts with an appeal to Exodus 20:15,17 as examples of OT Justifications for private property. It points to the various points in the bible that recognize private ownership. To reference a few; Genesis 4:4, Micah 4:4, Acts 5:4. A very notable verse is Mathew 20:15; “Don’t I have the right to do what I want with my own money?” – taking this statement at face value would suggest Jesus is very much in favour of liberal private property rights. The whole conclusion of this that people have the right to do with their property what they want. The most immediate implication is the government cannot seize property - This is used against the threat of state socialism.
The Problems with this theology
Of course, we need to recognize that the Bible doesn’t tell Christians to take over the state and implement a welfare state. The fact is that the bible doesn’t prescribe a structure for economic justice in the broader national community. But similarly, this means the bible doesn’t prescribe the Church as being the welfare system of the broader national community. There is a legitimate question about how to pursuing economic justice in light of biblical commands and examples, and the description of the New Testament church (Acts 2:42-47, Acts 4:34-35) exists to show us what economic justice should look like in Christian communities specifically. However, it is a significant stretch to argue that this decentralised system of churches providing welfare is what the bible prescribes as the only legitimate national welfare system.
NT Christian communities were not set up to be a welfare system for the Roman state. They were examples of model Christian communities that we can look to guide us in holy living. They did exist as an alternate perception of economic justice to Old Testament Israel’s state-embedded system, certainly. However, this alternative state was for a few reasons; First Old Testament Israel was a sacrificial system, one that was no longer needed after Christ’s death and resurrection (Heb 10:1-18). Second, Old Testament Israel was a theocratic state, that would make a people for God who would be outwardly different from all around them (Deut 28:9-10). However, Christ did not come to establish a kingdom of this world (John 18:36), instead a people who would follow him due to their changed heart (John 18:36, John 3:5-8). The nullification of the theocratic state of Israel was not a rejection of the state’s interference in economic policy. Rather, it was a recognition that the theocratic state had fulfilled its soteriological and eschatological purpose.
With this context out of the way, we can refute the specific justifications of the voluntarists; The first, 2 Corinthians 9:7, which tells us that giving should be voluntary, not under compulsion, was in a specific letter given to a specific community responding to a crisis at the time. To transform it into a condemnation of state taxation for welfare is a substantial stretch. Paul made clear that it was also a test; he would not command this church to give charity but wanted to know the sincerity of their love, by comparing how much they gave compared to other churches (2 Corinthians 8:8-9).
He was not laying down a law about the state. Nothing in the passage suggests that the state cannot provide welfare. Nothing in the passage suggests that the state cannot demand taxation. Indeed, bible does not reject compulsion in terms of taxation as Christians are exhorted to pay their taxes (Mark 12:13-17; Rom 13:6-7). Contextually, the Christian Voluntarist must also grapple with the absence of a condemnation of the grain dole of Rome, both within this passage and within the broader New Testament. Now, one could argue that if the state gets involved in welfare then the sincerity of Christian love has failed – but that is a very different argument, an argument that needs to grapple with both the fallen nature of humanity, and the social implications of democracy. Nevertheless, the passage at hand does not refute state taxation or state provision of welfare.
Moving to the second justification – that, welfare should be tied to work. This specific passage, 2 Thessalonians 3:10, occurs within a context where there are believers who are “idle and disruptive” (v 6, 11) and who are “not busy; they are busybodies”. They are commanded to settle down and eat (v 12). To use this passage to encourage Christians to work is good. It is not the purpose of the passage to be used for a model of how a welfare state works. Unlike 2 Cor 9:7, which is deliberately misused by Christians to deny welfare to others – this passage can be used to form a welfare state system. Like Acts 4:32 for the Socialists, and 1 Corinthians 14:12-26 for the Corporatists, 2 Thessalonians 3:10 seems quite able to be derived to justify a political policy. However, to declare that 2 Thessalonians 3:10 necessitates a policy program on welfare is misguided – it was a teaching for a particular church at a particular time. The practical considerations of this particular section will get further treatment further on.
The final argument that the bible prescribes liberal private property. This argument has lies that it conceals in truths. Fundamentally, the bible does recognize property rights. It recognizes that we can own property and have liberty in using that property. However, the bible also recognizes two other things; First, that we are not the absolute owners of that property. God is the absolute owner of everything, not humanity (1 Cor 10:26; Psalm 24:1; Deut 10:14). The second is that any property we have, we steward for God; we are not allowed to use property for whatever purpose we deem fit. The OT system has a variety of restrictions on how we can use property, much of which existed for economic justice. There were prohibitions on taking interest (Leviticus 26:36-37); Gleaning laws that mean restricted the amount of produce farmers could get from their own harvest, requiring they leave some to the poor (Lev 19:9-10; Deut 24:19-21). Furthermore, there are the radical redistribution policies with the Sabbatical year and year of jubilee (Leviticus 25:1-7, 8-55). The commandment to not steal was situated within these verses about responsibilities, something noted by Both Catholics and Reformed Christians (See the Catholic Catechism, Westminster Larger Catechism and Heidelberg Catechism). The New Testament similar has a variety of commands about how to use property; (Luke 6:30, 1 John 3:17, 1 Tim 5:8, 6:17-18).
There is one verse that falls outside of the above explanation; Mathew 20:15 – “Don’t I have the right to do what I want with my own money?”. The context of the verse is that Jesus is teaching a parable. In the parable, the vineyard owner pays all his workers the same amount, no matter what they work. Parables have single purposes – the purpose of this parable is that it doesn’t matter however late you sign up to the gospel, you will still be saved. It is not a parable with prescriptions on wage payments. It is not a parable with prescriptions on private property.
Fundamentally, there is no biblical prescription against the state establishment of a welfare state. This, in itself, does not disqualify Christian voluntarism as an idea; rather it means that advocating Christian voluntarism requires making a different argument – that the Christian voluntarist form of welfare is the best form of welfare.
The Economics of a Christian Voluntarist welfare state
Gøsta Esping-Andersen’s seminal work “The Three Worlds of welfare Capitalism”, divides welfare states into three ideal types; “Liberal”, “Conservative” and “Social Democratic”. Of these, Christian Voluntarism is closest to the “Liberal” ideal type which is found in the US, Australia, New Zealand and Canada. A liberal welfare state is one that aims to encourage the pursuit of employment, and so the state will provide as little as possible (Esping-Andersen 1990, p. 42). Means testing and mutual obligation is often used to minimize the states ways to welfare provision. Those who cannot rely on government support must rely on charity (Esping-Andersen 1990, p. 26-27).
Christian Voluntarism is essentially a Christian defense for the “Liberal” welfare state. However it does far more, because in practice it would mean the undermining of the liberal welfare state. The Christian voluntarist would tear down the last vestiges of a state led system so that people instead rely on Charity. They would attempt to further liberalize an already liberal system. The practical implications of this are that even a state led system that incorporates the principles of the “deserving and undeserving” poor, alongside the mutual obligations of “those who don’t work don’t eat”, are too much for the Christian Voluntarist.
This system fails both quantitatively and qualitatively. It fails quantitatively because a welfare state based on charity cannot support the entire population. Welfare encompasses old age, unemployment, workplace injuries, permanent disabilities and more. The amount of money needed to organise such a welfare system is unachievable by charities (Green 2017). Reviews of “The Tragedy of American compassion” point out that the historical charitable system championed did not provide welfare for all – it was very geographically dependent (Hammack, 1996, p 261-262).
This system also fails qualitatively. One would think that a Christian voluntarist would see that charity and welfare are symptoms of economic greater problems, and addressing those greater problems would reduce the burdens on charity.[3] But Christian Voluntarists don’t address the issues which lead people to need charity. Unaffordable healthcare and involuntary unemployment are two clear examples of structural economic problems; the former due to the various oligopolies that exist throughout the healthcare system, which is unsurprising given it is a market with high start-up costs, and the latter often due a deficiency in demand. The solutions to these factors require substantial economic reform by means of regulation and government spending, which is antithetical to the Christian Voluntarist ideal. Christian voluntarists are not advocating for these solutions to reduce the burden on charities.
Two further addendums need to be added to this analysis. The first is that there are flaws with regards to the policy derivatives of 2 Thessalonians 3:10. The idea of an undeserving poor has lead to many problems – for example this group has historically included beggars and criminals (Schmalz 2017). The definition of who is undeserving will inevitably both include and exclude people who may need help. Olasky, for example, includes Alcoholics and Drug Addicts as part of his ‘undeserving poor’ (p. 227-228), when, in truth, these groups could quite easily be seen as the most needing of support – albeit in a more compressive form then mere cash handout. The principle of mutual obligations behind this need to be thought through. Interestingly enough, the gleaning system in the OT seems to be a system that follows this idea; welfare is there, but people have to work to get it. This principles behind this are also evident in a full employment policy in the modern era. However, today’s governments generally prefer of “mutual obligations” for welfare, or forms of workfare instead. In the context where workers outnumber jobs these programs essentially act as punitive “full employment policy”.
The second is the Christian voluntarist claim that any welfare system should be orientated towards public morality alongside economic justice. This is a fair claim, and frankly welfare systems must be cautiously constructed with consideration of economic justice, and also the moral fabric of society. Here the example of the ideal type of the Conservative welfare state (historically found in found in Germany, Belgium and Austria), can be drawn upon. This welfare state, for example, is constructed with the family in mind (Esping-Andersen 1990, p. 27). It also relies largely on decentralised system of welfare provision that incorporate religious providers (Esping-Andersen 1990, p. 27). Even with the focus on the moral fabric of society, other factors must also come into play; The conservative welfare state benefits married couples over singles; what does this mean for the economic situation of single mothers? Such a welfare system needs to counterbalance the social fabric of society with it’s economic needs.
To Conclude
Theologically, the claims of Christian Voluntarism do not stand up; there is not set biblical principle about the state’s involvement in welfare provision. Economically, the Christian Voluntarists fail to appreciate the quantitative size of charitable provision needed to match the welfare state, nor do they deal with the structural issues facing the economy.
Fundamentally, I am not a Christian Socialist. I do not believe that the descriptions of Christian communities in Acts can be described as socialist – I may write another piece like this later on. I’m not coming from a liberal, modernist or progressive Christian perspective. Rather I’m annoyed that Conservative Christians have accepted the claims of liberal economies and tried to make a more liberalized welfare system based on a misguided claim about following the Bible.
[1] The specific defense provided by Johnson is explicitly voluntarist, in that it draws on voluntarism as a philosophy. It is also Pelagian and so should be rejected; “Any Christian who does not openly and vehemently denounce all forms of government welfare, cannot, in truth, call himself a Christian, for government welfare is the antithesis of Christian charity.” - this is clearly heresy.
[2] Indeed, the term only seems to appear in online Christian Forums. However, Academics do describe this idea as voluntarist, and it is a Christian defense of Voluntarism, so terming the idea “Christian Voluntarism” is apt.
[3] This was the approach of the founder of the St Vincent De Paul society, Frederic Ozanam. He was an economics lecturer and argued that charity was insufficient to change the situation – what was needed was a change to the relationship between workers and capital (Moody 1953, p 129).
Bibliography
General:
Green, E., 2017. The Voluntarism Fantasy, Democracy A Journal of Ideas, viewed 22 October 2022, https://democracyjournal.org/magazine/32/the-voluntarism-fantasy/
Konczal, M., 2014. Can Religious Charities Take the Place of the Welfare State?, The Atlantic, viewed 22 October 2022, https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/03/budget-religion/520605/
Schmalz, M., 2017. Taxing the rich to help the poor? Here’s what the Bible says, The conversation, viewed 3 June 3, 2023 https://theconversation.com/taxing-the-rich-to-help-the-poor-heres-what-the-bible-says-88627
Zeiger, H., 2014. The voluntarism fantasy?, Philanthropy Daily, viewed 22 October 2022, https://www.philanthropydaily.com/the-voluntarism-fantasy/
Christian Voluntarism & Compassionate Conservatism:
Olasky, M N, 2008, The Tragedy of American Compassion, Crossway Books, https://archive.org/details/tragedyofamerica0000olas/mode/2up - Olasky provides a specifically Christian Argument.
Johnson, T L, 1970 May 9, “Christian Charity vs Government Welfare”, Human Events,
Accessible: https://fee.org/articles/christian-charity-vs-government-welfare/, https://www.fff.org/explore-freedom/article/christian-charity-government-welfare/ - Johnson also provides a specifically Christian Argument.
Weed D, 1977, The Compassionate Touch, Carol Stream, https://archive.org/details/compassionatetou00wead/mode/2up - Weed provides a secular argument.
Argumentative Sources
Esping-Andersen, GJ, 1990, The Three Worlds of welfare Capitalism, Princeton University Press.
Hammack, DC, 1996, ‘The Tragedy of American Compassion’, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly.
Kuyper, A, 2021, On Business and Economics, Lexham Press.
Lee, F.N 1988, Biblical Private Property Versus Socialistic Common Property, EN Tech.J. 3, pp. 16-22, https://creation.com/images/pdfs/tj/j03_1/j03_1_016-022.pdf
Moody, J, 1953, Church and society : Catholic social and political thought and movements, Arts Inc
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https://www.gotquestions.org/Christian-socialism.html
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Well, i tried to flash a custom rom on my Moto g5s plus (XT1805 dual sim) i made a EFS backup through TWRP. At some point i got an error in the fastboot screen, something that says like "Startup failed", i fixed it with Lenovo RSA, then when i try to install the stock rom, with efs backup and everything, it doesn't have signal, and in the moto actions app doesn't appear the "one button navigation" option, then i installed different kernels to try to fix it, the thing is that it hardbricked, i don't remember exactly what i did to hardbrick because it was a couple months ago, but i'm pretty sure it was a custom kernel.
The phone was completely dead, except for a white led blinking when i connected it to my computer. Did a bit of research on XDA and some forums, and found a "blankflash" file, it worked like magic and my phone was again alive, but without signal and moto fingerprint gestures option not appearing, everything else was fine, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Camera. Then i tried to flash again the kernel that hard bricked it, believing it would work this time, and big surprise, hard bricked again. I tried to fix it using the method that worked me in the past, but then the blankflash file was giving me an error, i tried to search another blankflash but no luck, no one was working. Then i found a post and finally worked, alive again but in same conditions, no signal and moto actions not working.
I don't really know what is wrong with my phone, i'm believing that Lenovo RSA installed a wrong version of whatever it fixed. I'm on a dead end, and i cannot find more info about a similar problem anywhere, and Lenovo RSA now says something like "The model associated with the IMEI for your device is not currently supported by RSA."
I'm out of options, and my last chance is to ask here if someone can give me a hand.
Edit: I also tried

fastboot erase abl 

and

fastboot erase bootloader 

idk why, but it gives me an error like "Permission denied". p.s that command deletes bootloader partition, high risk of hardbrick